The International Cadmium Association (ICdA) is a non-profit association representing the interests of the world's cadmium industry. Its Members include producers, processors, recyclers and consumers of cadmium metal, cadmium compounds, and products to which cadmium or its compounds have intentionally been added.
Cadmium and cadmium compounds were considered by previous IARC Working Groups in 1972, 1975, 1987, and 1993 (IARC, 1973, 1976, 1987, 1993a). Since that time, new data have become available, these have been incorporated in the Monograph, and taken into consideration in the present evaluation.
Cadmium has many uses, including in the production of batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics. Cadmium and its compounds are highly toxic and exposure is known to cause cancer. It is primarily associated with human lung, prostate, …
Cadmium compounds can also accumulate in the bones. However, bone diseases and skeletal health issues more often come as a side effect of renal issues as any damage to the kidneys may cause changes in how calcium and vitamin D are metabolized and absorbed. Severe chronic cadmium poisoning can contribute to bone lesions in later stages.
12.17 Cadmium Cadmium metal is used in the steel industry and in plastics. Cadmium compounds are widely used in batteries. Cadmium is released to the environment in wastewater, and diffuse pollution is caused by contamination from fertilizers and local air pollu-tion. Contamination in drinking-water may also be caused by impurities in the zinc
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): consideration in the present evaluation. 1. Exposure Data 1.1 Identification of the agents Synonyms, trade names and molecular formulae for cadmium, cadmium–copper alloy, and some cadmium compounds are presented in Table 1.1. The cadmium compounds shown are those for which data on …
Cadmium is a soft silver-white metal that is usually found in combination with other elements. (1) Cadmium compounds range in solubility in water from quite soluble to practically insoluble. (1) The chemical symbol for cadmium is Cd and the atomic weight is 112.41 g/mol. (1) Conversion Factors (only for the gaseous form):
compounds is due to cadmium itself. Release of any cadmium compound would potentially lead to human exposure to cadmium via the environment or directly. Thus, restrictions of any remaining uses of cadmium compounds in plastics that would result in reduced emissions of cadmium compounds to the environment would
Clinical Manifestation: Different forms of cadmium compounds have different clinical manifestations and toxic effects that were explained in the details below. Cadmium bone and Itai-itai disease: Several studies mentioned cadmium can affect the skeletal system. Exposure to cadmium caused skeletal demineralization, whereby it may directly interact with bone cells, …
Cadmium and its compounds. Little Pro on . Cadmium and its compounds are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. Cadmium and its compounds are mainly used in batteries, pigments, alloys, electroplating and coating, and used as stabilizers for plastics.
There is limited data characterizing exposures from cadmium use as a pigment in or food contact plastics. More research is needed to characterize exposures as affected by the type of cadmium pigment, type of plastic, effects of wear and age, as well as the leaching of cadmium from end-of-use products in landfills.
Cadmium sulfide is the most common salt of cadmium; Other uses include alloys, coatings and as stabilizers for plastics. Cadmium compounds are applicable in black and white television phosphors as well as blue and green phosphors for color TV picture tubes.
Cadmium sulfide compounds (e.g. cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfoselenide, and cadmium lithopone) are used as pigments in a wide variety of applications, including engineering plastics, glass, glazes, ceramics, rubber, enamels, artists colours, and fireworks. Ranging in colour from yellow to deep-red maroon, cadmium pigments
Cadmium pigments (cadmium zinc sulphide & cadmium sulphoselenide) are not listed as hazardous for supply in the C.H.I.P Approved Supply List. They are excluded from A.S.L. entry 048-001-00-5 and therefore do not fall under the general hazard classification for cadmium compounds. Rockwood Pigments supplier assessment
Cadmium metal and compounds are mainly consumed for alloys, coatings, NiCd batteries, pigments, and plastic stabilizers. For the past 5 years, the United States has been a net importer of unwrought cadmium metal and cadmium metal powders and a net exporter of wrought cadmium products and cadmium
4-6 common cadmium pigments produced in 1991 .....4-15 4-7 current cadmium pigment producers .....4-16 4-8 inorganic pigments manufacturers reporting cadmium emissions in the 1990 toxic chemicals release inventory .....4-21 4-9 manufacturers of organic compounds reporting cadmium emissions in the 1990 toxic chemicals
Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds CAS No. (Cadmium) No separate CAS No. assigned for cadmium compounds as a class Known to be human carcinogens First listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens (1980) ... plastics, nonferrous alloys, and other specialized uses (Tolcin 2009a).
Cadmium (Cd) and cadmium compounds are widely used as pigments and stabilizers in plastics, but they readily leach … The interactions of microplastics (MPs) with other chemicals and the range of outcomes are of great importance to enhance understanding of their environmental impacts and health risks.
A wide range of contaminants, industrial by-products, plastics, and pharmaceutics belonging to various categories, have been found in sea water. Although these compounds are detected at concentrations that might be considered as sub-lethal, under certain conditions they could act synergistically pro …
Some cadmium compounds are still used as pigments in plastics, and industry associations say that suitable alternatives may not be available for certain applications, such as colouring engineering plastics. They include cadmium zinc sulphide yellow, cadmium sulphoselenide red and cadmium sulphoselenide orange.
Cadmium General Information Key Points cadmium is an element that is widely distributed in the earth's crust, air and water the uses of cadmium include nickel-cadmium batteries, conductors, pigments, stabilisers in plastics, electroplating of other metals and making alloys for coating other materials
Uses of cadmium and cadmium compounds in the plastics and resins sectors are associated with stabilizer additives and pigments in plastic and synthetic products. 16 Plastics formulators in Massachusetts, including manufacturers of custom resin formulations, and manufacturers of plastic products such as sheet and film plastic, had eliminated ...
Cadmium is also used in paint pigments, for electroplating and in making polyvinyl chloride plastics. The majority of cadmium present in the atmosphere is the result of human activities, especially smelting of non-ferrous metal ores, fossil fuel combustion and municipal waste incineration. 4. Soluble inorganic cadmium compounds are of
cadmium compounds in those types of plastic material that were restricted for the first time by Regulation (EU) No 494/2011, taking full account of the Council Resolution of 25 January 1988. 19.9.2012 Official Journal of the European Union L 252/1EN (1) OJ L 396, 30.12.2006, p. 1.
Cadmium is found at low concentrations in the Earth's crust, mainly as the sulfide in zinc-containing mineral deposits. Since the early twentieth century, it has been produced and used in a variety of applications in alloys and in compounds. Among the important compounds of cadmium are cadmium oxide (used in batteries, as an intermediate and ...
These compounds may be formed in chimney stacks and emitted to the environment. Several inorganic cadmium compounds are quite soluble in water e.g. acetate, chloride and sulfate, whereas cadmium oxide, carbonate and sulfide are almost insoluble (1). Sources Cadmium is a relatively rare element (0.2 mg/kg in the earth crust) and is not found in …
cadmium-containing batteries and plastics), manufacture of phosphate fertilizers, and recycling of cadmium-plated steel scrap and electric and electronic waste 9,10; • remobilization of historic sources, such as the contamination of watercourses by drainage water from metal mines 9or from waste sites.
cluding Cd, Zn, organotins, etc. Lead and cadmium are also added to PVC or other plastic products as colouring agents in the form of organo-metallic compounds. Lead and cadmium are known poisons, being neurotoxins and nephrotoxins respectively. Although numerous epi-demiological studies have been carried out on the health
Lead and cadmium in soft plastic toys Abhay Kumar* and Prashant Pastore Toxics Link, H2, Ground Floor, Jungpura Extension, New Delhi 110 014, India It is widely accepted that no level of lead or cadmium in the blood should be considered safe for children and hence every effort should be made to ensure that their
cadmium compounds, or cadmium-contaminated clothing, equipment, waste, scrap, or debris must be labeled with the following information: Danger Contains cadmium Cancer hazard Avoid creating dust Can cause lung and kidney disease Installed cadmium products must have a visible label or other indication that cadmium is present, where feasible. 6